Beautiful, Sustainable, Resilient. Drought-Tolerant Garden Design
Drought tolerant gardens are ideal for brownfield and low maintenance sites.
With climate change and water scarcity becoming significant concerns globally, it's a good time to learn from people who have lived with these conditions first hand to learn how to make beautiful, resilient gardens. My garden designs are not only visually appealing but also environmentally responsible. This is where a drought-tolerant design comes into play.
A drought-tolerant garden is designed to thrive with minimal water usage, making it perfect for periods of water restrictions or in areas prone to dry spells or low rainfall. By choosing plants that are well-adapted to dry conditions, you can create a beautiful garden that will endure the future we face.
For Australian garden designers like me, designing drought tolerant gardens comes with the territory. Our continent has given us the lived experience of drought, fire, flood and living with water-consciousness at front of mind.
Now with the effects of the climate crisis, we need Australian drought tolerant gardens in the UK more than ever.
Whether you have a small backyard or a sprawling property, this guide will provide you with expert tips and ideas on how to create a beautiful and sustainable garden using drought-tolerant design principles. Transform your outdoor space into an oasis that is both visually captivating and caring for the planet.
Drought tolerant gardens are not all about a permanent state of dryness in your garden. In fact, it’s much more to do with managing for extremes of weather than a simple lack of water.
The summer of 2023 is incredibly wet in the UK, because the jet stream is stuck over the Mediterranean. It almost doesn’t feel like we will need to consider drought-tolerant gardens again.
But weather is not climate, so I’m here to share my experience of gardening and living in drought.
The millenium drought in Melbourne, where I’m from, is recognised as the worst drought since Europeans arrived in Australia. This drought lasted over a decade, turning lush green English-inspired gardens into arid dust bowls. The one positive for gardeners was it taught us to garden with the conditions we have, not those that we wished we have or saw in glossy European garden magazines.
It went from 1996 and into 1997. 2006 was the driest on record for many parts of the country and conditions when La Niña broke the drought in 2010.
So we learned to appreciate the tough drought-tolerant plants the continent is renowned for. Water-preservation and short showers were the norm. We looked to re-instating water meadows that had previously been abused and misunderstood, and a National Water Initiative was put in place, with responses from indigenous communities.
Now I want to bring this knowledge to you here in the UK, as we face a changing climate.
Paving and groundcover in a drought-friendly garden.
My life in Australian gardens
Growing up in Australia and living through a ten year drought, seeing towns run dry, and evacuating from bushfires, I never imagined how much the wild Australian landscape would influence my work in the future, based in London.
I recall my school closing as a dust storm swept over Melbourne in 42 degree heat. And I remember the gardens around us shift over the 1980s and 1990s from lush green European plants, to more prevalence of indigenous and endemic plants, plus some South African and other Mediterranean species.
So much was lost in Black Saturday and Ash Wednesday bushfires. But over time, so much was gained in knowledge of what we should be planting, how to manage gardens, and the incredible beauty to be found in Mediterranean drought-tolerant garden design.
Inspecting the seedheads at John Little’s Essex garden.
What is drought-tolerant design?
Drought-tolerant garden design is the idea of going beyond a visually appealing landscape to making values-led choices that have a positive impact on the environment. With climate change and water scarcity becoming increasingly urgent issues, sustainable gardening practices are crucial, and are part and parcel of every Melanie Hick garden.
By designing a drought-tolerant garden that requires less water, and captures water, you can reduce your water usage and contribute to the overall water conservation efforts where you are, giving your plants higher chance of survival through dry spells.
Practically speaking, if you face water restrictions you will not be able to keep a high water need garden through dry spells, and will face losing the garden you have invested in. It may include planting from seed or planting very small plants, as these need much much less water to grow and will be more resilient in future. We also consider not he just the type, but the timing of planting. If you can imagine, planting a large-leafed tree in mid summer will take much more water. Planting that same tree as a small sappling in autumn will be the drought-tolerant way.
Drought-tolerant garden design creates a harmonious relationship between your garden and the changing environment. If we make conscious choices now about how water is managed, we can positively impact your overall impact on the environment as an individual and a household.
This creek bed is dry now, but it will receive rain again.
Benefits of drought-tolerant gardens
Drought-tolerant design, also known as xeriscaping, is a landscaping approach that focuses on creating gardens that require minimal water. The term "xeriscape" comes from the Greek word "xeros," meaning dry, and "scape," meaning view or scene. It emphasises the use of plants that are well-adapted to dry conditions and the implementation of water-efficient irrigation techniques.
The key principle of drought-tolerant design is to choose plants that can thrive with little to no supplemental irrigation. These plants are typically native to arid or semi-arid regions and have developed adaptations to survive in dry conditions. They often have deep root systems that can access water stored deeper in the soil or have waxy or hairy leaves that help reduce water loss through evaporation.
In addition to plant selection, drought-tolerant design also focuses on efficient water usage. This includes using drip irrigation systems that deliver water directly to the plant's roots, mulching to reduce evaporation, and incorporating water-saving techniques such as rainwater harvesting and grey water recycling.
By implementing drought-tolerant design principles, you can create a garden that not only survives but thrives in dry conditions, while reducing your water consumption and environmental impact.
Low-water plants that support pollinators.
Five benefits of a drought-tolerant garden
Drought-tolerant gardens offer numerous benefits beyond water conservation. For a start, they are beautiful. They also demonstrate that you understand the climate is changing and that you can impact it positively. Here are some of the key advantages of incorporating drought-tolerant design in your garden:
1. Reduced water usage: Drought-tolerant gardens can significantly reduce your water consumption compared to traditional gardens. By choosing plants that are adapted to dry conditions, you can minimise the need for irrigation, especially during periods of water restrictions or droughts. Low water does not mean no water however!
2. Lower maintenance: Drought-tolerant plants are often lower-maintenance, requiring less pruning, fertilising and nurturing because they have been chosen for the conditions they face.
3. Increased biodiversity: Drought-tolerant gardens can attract a variety of native wildlife, including birds, butterflies, and beneficial insects. By providing food and shelter for these creatures, you can contribute to the overall biodiversity of your area and create a balanced ecosystem within your garden.
4. Year-round beauty: Contrary to popular belief, drought-tolerant gardens can be just as visually stunning and vibrant as traditional gardens. By selecting a diverse range of plants with different bloom times and foliage colors, you can enjoy a beautiful garden throughout the year.
5. Cost savings: With reduced water usage and lower maintenance requirements, drought-tolerant gardens can save you money in the long run. You'll spend less on water bills, irrigation systems, and gardening supplies, making it a cost-effective choice for garden enthusiasts.
Incorporating drought-tolerant design principles in your garden not only benefits the environment but also offers practical advantages that enhance your gardening experience.
Fine leaves and a furry touch are two plant adaptations that help plants survive drought.
Right plant right place
Here. six ways to choose. care for plants in a drought-tolerant garden.
1. Mediterranean plants: That's not just plants from Italy and Greece. The Mediterranean regions of the world include parts of Australia, South America, South Africa and other dry sunny areas. Choose plants from these areas, as they are proven to adapt to harsh conditions.
2. Plant adaptations: Look for plants that are known to be drought-tolerant or have adaptations to survive in dry conditions. These adaptations are characteristics like deep root systems, succulent leaves, or grey or silver foliage, which help them conserve water and withstand periods of drought.
3. Choose a variety of plants: To create a visually appealing garden, choose a variety of plants with different colors, textures, and heights. This will add interest and ensure that your garden looks attractive throughout the year. Consider including a mix of flowering plants, ornamental grasses, and evergreen shrubs to provide year-round beauty.
4. Group plants with similar water needs: When planning your garden layout, group plants with similar water requirements together. This allows you to create different watering zones and ensures that each plant receives the appropriate amount of water.
5. Mulch, mulch, mulch: Mulching is an essential practice in drought-tolerant gardening. Apply a layer of organic mulch around your plants to suppress weeds, retain moisture, and regulate soil temperature. This helps reduce water evaporation and conserves moisture in the soil.
6. Native and local plants: The UK does not have much in the way of native planting, thanks to the most recent ice age. But we do have some, and we have plants that have made a happy home here. Try to use those that loves your location.
By carefully selecting and grouping plants, you can create a drought-tolerant garden that is both visually appealing and resilient to dry conditions.
Water tanks collect rainwater across Australia.
How to save water
In addition to selecting drought-tolerant plants, there are various water-saving techniques you can incorporate into your garden design to further reduce water consumption and promote sustainability. Here are some effective strategies:
1. Drip irrigation: Install a drip irrigation system to deliver water directly to the plant's roots. Unlike traditional sprinkler systems, which can lead to water loss through evaporation and runoff, drip irrigation is more efficient and ensures water is targeted where it's needed most.
2. Rainwater harvesting: Australians don't need to be told this, we save rainwater as a natural habit in huge tanks above and below ground. Collect rainwater from your roof or other surfaces and store it in barrels or tanks. You can use this stored water to irrigate your garden during dry periods. Rainwater is free from chemical treatments found in tap water and is beneficial for plants, as it is less treated and has a neutral pH so is ideal for acid-loving plants like blueberries.
3. Greywater recycling: Reusing household greywater, such as water from sinks, showers, and washing machines, to irrigate your garden can work if systems re in palce, but he hazard is in transporting it. . Install a greywater recycling system that filters and treats the water, making it safe for irrigation. This helps reduce your reliance on freshwater sources for gardening purposes.We avoid carrying trugs of water, because the slip fall risk can outweigh the benefit.
4. Smart irrigation controllers: Use smart irrigation controllers that adjust watering schedules based on weather conditions, soil moisture levels, and plant needs. These controllers can help optimise water usage and prevent overwatering, saving both water and money. Keep checking them though, as they're not foolproof and need some maintenance.
5. Soil improvement: Improve your soil's water-holding capacity by adding organic matter, such as leaf mold or well-rotted manure. This helps retain moisture and reduces the need for frequent watering. Additionally, incorporating organic matter into the soil improves its overall health and fertility.
6. Soil neglect: The opposite of soil improvement, neglecting soil and addressing brown fields or poor nutrient soils as they come can help you make plant choices that thrive. Think plants that grow well in verges with no tending. They have a deep tap root and a wild beauty.
By implementing these water-saving techniques, you can maximise water efficiency in your garden, reduce your environmental impact, and create a more sustainable outdoor space.
Consider not improving soil for a wildlife-rich garden.
How to start
Speak to someone with firsthand experience of living through drought and in hot, dry conditions. Xeriscaping is a term that is becoming more well-known because of this shared drought experience. Originating in arid regions, xeriscaping focuses on creating landscapes that require minimal water. It combines water-efficient plant selection, appropriate irrigation methods, and soil management techniques to create a beautiful and sustainable garden. Here are the key components of xeriscaping:
1. Planning and design: Start by assessing your garden's microclimates, soil conditions, and water availability. This will help you determine the best locations for different plant types and optimise water usage. Consider the overall layout, including paths, seating areas, and focal points, to create an aesthetically pleasing design.
2. Efficient irrigation: Install a drip irrigation system or use soaker hoses to deliver water directly to the plant's roots. This minimises water loss through evaporation and runoff. Divide your garden into hydrozones based on plant water requirements, allowing you to tailor irrigation to each zone's specific needs.
3. Appropriate plant selection: Choose plants that are native or well-adapted to your region's climate and can thrive with minimal water. Group plants with similar water needs together to create efficient watering zones. Consider incorporating native grasses, succulents, and other low-water-use plants to add interest and texture to your garden.
4. Use of mulch: Apply a layer of organic mulch around your plants to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Mulch also helps prevent soil erosion and adds a finished look to your garden design. Choose mulch materials that are appropriate for your region, such as wood chips, straw, or gravel.
5. Efficient maintenance: Regularly monitor your garden's irrigation system, ensuring that it is functioning properly and delivering water efficiently. Adjust watering schedules based on seasonal variations and weather conditions. Prune plants as needed to maintain their shape and remove any dead or diseased foliage.
Xeriscaping offers a practical and environmentally friendly approach to gardening, allowing you to create a beautiful and sustainable outdoor space that thrives in dry conditions.
Make dry spells your friend
A drought-tolerant garden is designed to thrive with minimal water usage, making it perfect for regions with water restrictions or areas prone to droughts. By choosing plants that are native or well-adapted to dry conditions, you can create a stunning landscape that requires less irrigation and maintenance.
One of the main advantages of a drought-tolerant garden is its ability to conserve water. Traditional gardens often require frequent watering to keep the plants healthy and vibrant, resulting in significant water waste. In contrast, a well-designed drought-tolerant garden can survive on minimal irrigation, reducing water consumption and contributing to water conservation efforts.
Moreover, a drought-tolerant garden can attract wildlife and contribute to biodiversity. When water, design and beauty are all considered together, a drought-tolerant garden design can really add to the impact. your garden.